ABSTRACT
The 2030 Immunization Agenda of the World Health Organization （WHO） states that everyone in the world should fully benefit from vaccines to achieve good health and well-being. With the ever-changing disease spectrum and the improvement of residents' health literacy， relying solely on vaccines included in the National Immunization Program （NIP） is insufficient to meet the current requirements for disease prevention and control. Non-NIP vaccines play an important role in meeting people's diverse needs. Vaccine hesitancy is a global issue and an important factor affecting vaccine uptake. By reviewing relevant studies on vaccine hesitancy in recent years， this paper summarized different vaccination situations， current situation of vaccine hesitancy， measuring tools of vaccine hesitancy， and major influencing factors. It aims to provide references for the development of scientific and effective vaccine education strategies， which can increase public knowledge and understanding of vaccines， enhance healthcare professional's willingness and behavior in recommending vaccines， improve public vaccine literacy， and reduce vaccine hesitancy. At the same time， the supervision and guidance of media discourse should be strengthened to enhance the protective role of non-NIP vaccines in immunization barriers.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the mutation situation of K‐ras gene in 358 cases of lung cancer to provide the guidance for the personalized therapy of lung cancer .Methods The nested and low denatured temperature compound PCR (COLD‐PCR) method was used to analyze the K‐ras mutations situation in 358 patients with lung cancer .Results In 358 lung cancer patients ,the total mutation frequency of K‐ras gene was 8 .10% .The mutation rates were 2 .13% in 94 plasma samples ,9 .60% in 250 tumor tissue samples and 7 .14% in 14 pleural and ascites samples .The mutation types included G12C ,G12D ,G12A ,G12V ,G13D and Q61H ,the mutation rate had no statistical difference among 3 kinds of samples (P= 0 .064 8) ;the mutation rate was 6 .96% in male patients and 8 .59% in female patients ,the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0 .574 0) ;the mutation rates were 4 .76% in the patients aged 30 - < 45 years old ,5 .34% in the patients aged 45 - < 60 years old and 9 .22% in the patients aged ≥ 60 years old , the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0 .250 3) .Conclusion The mutation types of K‐ras gene are mainly G12C , G12D ,G12V and G13D .The mutation rate of K‐ras gene has no significant differences among different types of sample ,different genders and different ages .
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Objective To evalume the efficacy and side effect of capecitabine combined chemotherapy regimen in treatment of advanced cohrectal cancer in senile patients.Methods Seventy-seven cases senile patients with advanced colorectal cancer were randomly divided in two groups.capecitabine combination group (36 cases) received oxaliplatin (L-OHP)+ eapecitabine regimen, OLF group (41 cases) received L-OHP+ FU/CF regimen. The efficacy and side effect were observed and compared between two groups.Results eapecitabine combination group:the cfficiency rate was 41.67%,the tumor control rate was 77.78%.meso-tumor to progression was 7.9 months.OLF group:the efficiency rate was 39.02%,the tumor control rate was 75.61%,meso-tumor to progression was 7.2 months.The effectiveness in two groups had no significant difference (P＞005).There was no serious chemotherapy related side effect in two groups.The rates of marrow inhibition,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,alopecia,rash,the lesion of liver and renal function and peripheral neuritis were similar in two groups.The rate of hand-foot syndrome was apparently higher in capecitabine combination group compared with OLF group (P＜0.05).Conclusions For senile advanced colorectal cancer patienrs,the treatment efficiency is similar between capecitabiae combination regimen and OLF regimen,the side effect is all tolerated in two regimens.capecitabine combination regimen is oral adminisuered and decurates hospitnlization time and improved the life quality of senile patients.capecitabine combination regimen is a suitable fast-line regimen for senile advanced colorectal cancer pafients.
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Objective To understand the current status and related factors of unexpected injuries during hospitalization in old patients in Shaoxing city. Methods By way of convenient sampling methods, 850 old patients aged over 65 years were chosen from five of grade 3 hospitals in Shaoxing city. The status and consequence of unexpected injuries during their hospitalization in past one year were retrospectively investigated with face to face questionnaire at patients home. Results The occurrence of unexpected injuries in 850 hospitalization old patients were 54(6.35%) during their hospitalization in past one year. The occurrence rate in female (9.27%) was significantly higher than that in male (4.25%) (?2=7.57, P